Spark plugs are used to ignite the working mixture in the cylinders of gasoline engines. High voltage pulses are distributed by a mechanical device or controller. Contactless ignition ensures a stable start and reliable operation of the power unit. The advantage is the stability of ignition of the fuel-air mixture, which has a positive effect on fuel consumption and vehicle acceleration.
Contactless ignition system with Hall sensor.
Principle of operation
After the crankshaft begins to rotate, the sensor is triggered, which sends signals to a transistor-type switch. The controller processes the data and sends signals to the coil winding contacts. After stopping the signal supply, a high-voltage pulse is generated in the secondary winding and applied to the central contact of the mechanical distributor. A rotating slider (installed on a roller on top of the sensor) distributes power to the spark plugs (in accordance with the sequence of flashes in the engine cylinders).
The circuit includes a centrifugal regulator that allows you to adjust the advance angle of the spark as the speed increases. An additional vacuum corrector is designed to change the angle depending on the load on the power unit.
The principle of operation of the BSZ with a mechanical distributor does not depend on the method of supplying the fuel mixture to the cylinders and the place of manufacture of the car. The system is found both on carburetor engines and on power plants with a gasoline injection system.
Signal output from Hall sensor
The Hall sensor uses the effect of the formation of transverse voltage in a plate of a conductor or semiconductor under the influence of a magnetic field. A metal plate with slots (the number is equal to the number of cylinders) rotates between the magnet and the sensor sensing element synchronously with the engine crankshaft. The current pulses generated at the moment of passage of the slot are amplified and recorded by the switch.
Advantages and disadvantages of contactless ignition
The main advantages of a contactless ignition system:
- acceleration of cold engine starting;
- stabilization of operation regardless of rotation speed;
- reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust toxicity;
- increasing the service life of spark plugs;
- reducing the load on the vehicle's on-board network.
Disadvantages of BSZ:
- additional electronic components reduce system reliability;
- increased price of spare parts.
Reduced fuel consumption is one of the advantages of a contactless ignition system.
What is the advantage of installing contactless ignition?
It should be noted that it is possible to replace the factory system with a contactless one for a minimum amount of money and time. In addition, the driver will no longer encounter breakdowns of this nature and will receive a lot of benefits. First of all, in this case we are talking about a good level of car dynamism, as well as ease of starting the engine, even in difficult weather conditions, for example, in winter.
Contactless electronic ignition for VAZ
Possible malfunctions of contactless ignition and their diagnosis
Common breakdowns and methods of diagnosis and repair:
- Difficulty starting and interruptions during engine operation both at idle and at high speeds. You should check the voltage at the outputs of the Hall sensor, which should be in the range of 0.4-11 V; if there is no signal, the sensor must be replaced.
- Lack of sparking in one or more cylinders. To check, you need to unscrew the spark plugs and make sure there is a spark between the contacts. If there is a malfunction, check the condition of the contacts and remove traces of moisture. If all the spark plugs do not work, then it is necessary to inspect the Hall sensor and switch, and then replace the damaged parts.
- System malfunction is possible due to damage to the coil windings. To check, connect a test device to the terminals. Please note that interruptions may begin when the temperature in the engine compartment rises. If the owner does not have car maintenance skills, it is recommended to contact a service center.
Contact ignition system disadvantages.
The contact ignition system has a number of disadvantages. The biggest of them is burning of the contacts, to prevent which it is necessary to reduce the current in the primary winding of the coil. For this reason, with a contact ignition system, there is a limitation of the secondary voltage. In addition, as the speed increases, the secondary voltage decreases, since the time of the closed state of the contacts decreases. For the same reason, the secondary voltage decreases as the number of cylinders increases. In the process of development, these shortcomings were eliminated in other systems, contact-transistor and contactless.
How to convert your system to a contactless ignition system
There are several methods for installing BSZ on cars:
- a simplified method based on replacing the contact group with an optical sensor with a power electronic key to control the coil;
- technology for foreign cars produced before the mid-80s. last century, providing for modification of the standard distributor;
- an improved method based on a complete replacement of ignition system components (suitable for cars assembled by Russian factories).
Budget method
The basic way to improve the performance of the ignition system is the Sonar-IK module, which is installed in a standard distributor. An optical sensor installed inside the product responds to the rotation of the cams.
The pulses control an electronic switch, which interrupts the supply of current to the spark plugs from the coil, ensuring the formation of spark discharges on the spark plugs in accordance with the firing order of the cylinders.
Sensor breaker for foreign cars
For old-style foreign-made cars, it is better to use products from UltraSpark, Pertronix or AccuSpark. The kit includes an induction-type shaft position sensor and a ring with slots, as well as instructions for connection and setup. The model is selected depending on the version of the distributor installed on the machine. The ignition coil and modification of the distributor housing are not required.
Complete system
The methods listed above do not allow you to get all the benefits of BSZ. Owners of domestically produced cars are recommended to install a complete set consisting of a distributor with an integrated Hall sensor, an external switch, a coil and a set of wires for switching. Similar equipment is produced by the SOATE plant (Stary Oskol). Installation requires the owner to have car repair skills.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=6M5ac0kz9UA
Contactless ignition system without distributor
The principle of operation of the system without mechanical elements is based on processing data on the position of the crankshaft and camshaft by an electronic control unit. The design uses individual coils or a common module connected to the spark plugs by high-voltage wires. The system improves the fuel ignition process and automatically adjusts the advance. The equipment is installed on the power unit at the factory. It is impossible to independently modify an engine for BSZ without a distributor.
How to determine if the ignition switch is faulty
The introduction of an ignition switch into the design of a car, especially on domestic cars of the VAZ family, made it possible to increase their reliability. And although the first production car with an electronic ignition system was the VAZ 2108, similar devices began to be installed on many other cars, primarily classics. However, the use of such a rather complex product has led to the fact that finding a malfunction, as well as checking and repairing the switch, has become possible for the most part only in specialized centers. External signs indicating that a malfunction has occurred may include:
- the engine does not start, there is no spark at the spark plugs;
- the engine starts but stalls after a few minutes;
- The motor is unstable; if the switch is replaced with a known good one, the defect is eliminated.
The easiest way to identify a malfunction and test a switch, as already noted, is to install a known-good one. Due to the rather low quality of the switches supplied for the VAZ family of cars, including the VAZ 2108, drivers have to carry additional switches with them to replace the failed one. However, there is also an indirect evaluation principle that allows you to check the performance of the product and identify its malfunction.
To do this, you can use the readings of the voltmeter in the instrument cluster. You need to turn on the ignition, and the needle will be in the middle of the scale, and a little later it will swing to the right (due to the power supply to the coil being turned off when the engine is not running). This arrow behavior indicates that there is no fault in the switch. In the event that there is no voltmeter, a test lamp is required to check the ignition. One end of it is connected to ground, the other to the output of the coil connected to terminal 1 of the switch. If you turn on the ignition, then if the switch is working properly, after a while the lamp will burn brighter.
However, in some cases, the ignition malfunction is not related to a switch failure. It is necessary to check the condition of the wires, first of all, contact with ground and the condition of the connectors. It is also necessary to check the Hall sensor.
The appearance of a voltage switch in the design of a car, including the domestic VAZ 2108, was a natural result of the development of the ignition system. Its further improvement was the use of first dual-channel and then multi-channel switches to improve operating efficiency.
How to install electronic ignition: algorithm of actions
In general, if a person studies the electronic ignition connection diagram in detail, then no difficulties will arise when performing the work. Of course, in this matter it is recommended to have experience in repairing and upgrading your car.
So, installation is carried out only after the distributor adjustment procedure has been completed.
The algorithm of actions is as follows:
- Initially, the distributor cover is dismantled.
- Next, the technician needs to remove the electrical wires that are located on the cover.
- After this, the direction of the resistor is set.
- Next, the wires connecting the distributor and the coil are disconnected. Using a wrench, the nut securing the distributor is unscrewed and dismantling work is carried out.
- After this, you need to install a new distributor.
- Once it has been installed, it needs to be secured.
- Next, the electrical wires are connected.
- Afterwards, the coils are replaced, since the “native” ones do not fit those used on an electric-type system.
- At the final stage, the switch is installed and the correct connection of the wires is checked.
- Once you are satisfied that the job was done correctly, you need to install the protective cover.
Electronic Ignition on MT Topic author Dharendra
Guys, tell me how to connect the electric ignition to the MT
Alexey (Nibal) what kind of ignition is that? old shard? or Sarumanka? or your own development? there are a lot of them) it’s better to take photos in the studio. I’ll draw what goes where directly on the photo
Alexander (Roman) Alexey, Zhelezyaka Kyiv, I’ve already figured it out, changed the camshaft seal, installed a new ignition and started washing the tank, washing the carbs, installing repair kits on them, but didn’t have time to adjust)
Sanya (Vinay) how much is a rim kit for a K62t carb?
Sergey (Qayyim) I redesigned my own cason for 12V and installed an electronic lighter https://sovek.com.ua/bis11353734k750.html here I ordered it, it works perfectly and the consumption has decreased by 5l
Vladislav (Gautami) how much did he take from you before? how much money did you give for the century?
Alexey (Nibal) Vladislav, Saruman is definitely better, but Sovek is also not a bad option, unlike the old Oskol.
Vladislav (Gautami) Alexey, excellent. What, then, is the beauty of Saruman before his coeval age? what is the difference in cost? Is it really possible to get Saruman in Ukraine?
Alexey (Nibal) Vladislav, I think it’s really possible to get it. The advance angle corrector on the Sovek works poorly, or it’s not there at all, I didn’t like it. Also, the Saruman is remote, unlike the Sovek, and is not demagnetized. There are also additional functions and angle control buttons advances. decide for you, my many friends are in ecstasy. Here is the link where you can watch Saruman https://vk.com/fuoz_saruman
Contactless system
Now we need to talk about what advantages the contactless ignition of the 2106 and other classic models has. Firstly, it can be installed on any engine with a carburetor injection system. Secondly, there is the possibility of increasing power and stability. Thirdly, there is no need for constant adjustments and monitoring of the vehicle’s ignition system. Perhaps, just these basic advantages are enough for your choice to fall on this design. In addition, no modifications are required. You just need to replace all the components with new ones adapted to your car. The installation will be discussed a little below.
Design and principle of operation of a pulse sensor
The vast majority of pulse sensors used in ignition systems belong to three types - inductive, optical and magnetoelectric (based on the Hall effect). The latter are so common that the term “Hall sensor” is often used as a general definition of pulse generators, which is not entirely correct.
Russian car enthusiasts first encountered a Hall sensor in the ignition control system of a VAZ 2105
The operating principle of the Hall sensor is based on a change in the conductivity of a special semiconductor material under the influence of a constant magnetic field. As a rule, the field source (permanent magnet) and the semiconductor element are fixed motionless and separated by a curtain with openings - a shutter. The shutter is mounted on the distributor shaft and rotates with it. At the moments when the shutter curtain is opposite the semiconductor element, the magnetic field is interrupted. Electrical pulses are formed by alternating periods of field presence and absence.
The operation of an induction pulse generator, as the name implies, is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. The sensor consists of a permanent electromagnet with a winding and a toothed disk. When the disk rotates, the magnetic field is closed either through the tooth or through the cavity. Thus, the magnetic flux passing through the winding either increases or decreases.
The Hall effect is used in the operating principle of rocket engines of aircraft intended for deep space exploration.
Optical pulse sensors operate by interrupting the infrared beam directed at the phototransistor by shutter shutters.
History of the use of the pulse sensor
Non-contact ignition systems, which include pulse sensors, found widespread use in cars in the early eighties of the last century. Before this, they were actively used in the ignition systems of motorcycle and boat engines. Non-contact ignition systems with a sensor-distributor were installed in foreign-made cars for a relatively short time, approximately from the beginning to the end of the 80s. With the beginning of the era of injection engines, they were replaced by microprocessor ignition control systems.
Adjusting the BSZ on a VAZ
The adjustment process is carried out on a warm internal combustion engine. There are two types of adjustment of the ignition system: using a special strobe light and by ear.
A stroboscope is a special device with a lamp that blinks when it receives signals from the IAC. To make the adjustment, you need to connect the power of the device to the battery, and the second wire is connected to the cable of the first spark plug. Then you should slightly loosen the nut securing the distributor, and the blinking lamp should be brought to the pulley. Next, the distributor body should be carefully rotated until the mark on the pulley is positioned opposite the short mark. Having completed this, the fastening nut can be tightened.
Regarding the method of adjusting by ear, here you need to do several sequential steps. The engine is started, then the distributor fastening nut is loosened. The distributor is rotated (within 15 degrees) until the operation of the internal combustion engine is optimal and stable. When such a torque is detected, the nut is tightened back.
There is also another method of adjustment without the need for a device. While driving, you need to reach a speed of 40 km/h and when the engine warms up to a temperature of 80-90 degrees, you should engage 4th gear and depress the gas pedal. If the BSZ is set correctly, then a short-term detonation will occur, and then the internal combustion engine will begin to gain speed. If at this moment a clear detonation sound is heard, then you will need to turn the distributor clockwise, approximately one degree. This operation should be performed until the knocking stops. When a dip in speed is detected, then it is necessary to turn the distributor counterclockwise.
Today, quite a large number of car owners of such Zhiguli models as: VAZ-2107, VAZ-2106, VAZ-2105, VAZ-2104, VAZ-2102, VAZ-2101 have been able to appreciate the advantages of contactless electronic ignition from their own experience. .
And I’ll tell you this honestly - it’s not surprising, rather natural. The advantage of the contactless type of ignition is very clear, and has already been tested in practice by more than one car owner. For example, among the absolute advantages we can highlight such qualities as: ease of installation, ease of configuration, accuracy and reliability of operation, significant improvement in the starting qualities of the engine in winter. Do you think all of the above deserve to buy and install a contactless electronic ignition on your car? In my opinion the answer is clear! Well, provided that you are not a supporter of conservative views, and you, like many other happy owners of the VAZ-2107, VAZ-2106, VAZ-2105, VAZ-2104, VAZ-2102, VAZ-2101, are fed up with the “jumps” of the contact pair. If for one reason or another you cannot decide to purchase a contactless ignition kit, then I hope that after reading this article you will change your views and take the right step. I did not find any difficulties or problems when installing this kit. In my opinion, the biggest problem is the price of contactless ignition itself, since you will have to pay a tidy sum for this purchase.
On my own behalf, I can advise you to buy domestic contactless ignition kits (Stary Oskol), I like this kit more than others, because it has decent quality, and the price, of course, is appropriate. The box contains - a switch, a coil, a distributor with a wiring harness. Next, check what type of engine block is installed on your car, since distributors come in two types, the main difference being the length of the shaft.
Now, as for the materials.
In order to install a contactless ignition kit with your own hands, you will need:
1. Drill with drills.
2. One or two self-tapping screws (to fasten the coil in the engine compartment).
3. Open-end wrench at “13”.
4. Socket or socket wrenches for “8” and “10”.
5. Key to “38” (it will be needed in order to set the engine to the “TDC” mark).
And so, let's proceed directly to the replacement itself:
1. Using a "38" wrench, turn the ratchet nut until the mark on the front engine cover and the crankshaft pulley line up, in short, you need to set the engine to the "TDC" (top dead center) position.
2. After this, remember how the distributor and slider are located, in this position you will need to set the new distributor. For example, I had the slider turned towards the valve cover and “installed on the fourth cylinder” along the distributor cover. This is its correct position.
3. Find the “B+” mark on the coil and write down or remember which wires are screwed to it, then unscrew and remove the coil.
4. Using a key at “13”, unscrew the nut of the distributor lock and remove it. Be careful not to lose the gasket.
5. Secure the switch, then screw the black wire to ground.
6. Install and secure the coil to the body. Connect simple wires to the appropriate terminals (pay special attention to how terminals “B” and “K” are located on the purchased coil). Connect the wires from the switch marked “+” to terminal “B”, and the second wire to “K”.
7. Now install the distributor, do not fully tighten the lock nut.
8. Connect the wires coming from the distributor to the switch.
9. Check the correct position of the distributor and the runner itself.
10. Install the cover and connect the wires in the following order: 1-3-4-2.
11. Once everything is secured, you can try to start the engine and adjust the ignition “by ear”.
If you have a strobe light, this procedure will be much more pleasant and easier. To do this, you need to slowly turn the distributor with the engine running; for this, as you remember, you left the lock nut loose. Rotate back and forth, try to find the middle position, in which the engine speed should be as smooth and high as possible.
The car includes four systems: cooling, lubrication, fuel and ignition. Failure of each of them separately leads to complete failure of the entire car. If a breakdown is found, it must be fixed, and the sooner the better, since none of the systems fails immediately. This is usually preceded by many “symptoms”.
In this article we will take a closer look at the ignition system. There are two types: contact and non-contact ignition. They differ in the presence or absence of open contacts in the distributor. At the moment when these contacts open, a gas is formed in the coil, which is supplied through high-voltage wires to the spark plugs.
Contactless ignition is devoid of these contacts. They are replaced by a switch, which, in principle, performs the same function. Initially, only a contact system was installed on domestically produced cars. VAZ began installing contactless ignition in the early 2000s. This was a good breakthrough for him. First of all, contactless ignition is more reliable, since in fact one rather vulnerable element has been removed from the system.
Over time, car owners began to install contactless ignition on their classics themselves, since this greatly simplified maintenance. Now the possibility of contacts burning was eliminated. In addition, now there was no need to adjust the gap at the moment of opening. Among other things, contactless ignition also has better current characteristics, namely, higher frequency and voltage, which seriously reduces wear on the spark plug electrodes. There are obvious advantages in all areas of operation.
But not everything is as smooth as we would like. For example, there are times when a switch fails. If replacing a contact block will cost 150-200 rubles if the quality is good, then here the prices are 3-4 times higher. Among other things, replacing a contact ignition with a contactless one also entails replacing it with silicone ones, if they were not installed previously. Of course, you can leave the standard ones, but then breakdowns are possible, which means interruptions in the ignition and in the entire operation of the engine.
Now a little about the system itself. Power is constantly supplied to the contacts through which it goes to the primary (small) winding of the coil. At the moment the contacts open, the current in the primary winding stops and changes as a result of which an induction current of high frequency and voltage appears. This is what is served on
Replacing the contact ignition with a contactless one itself should not cause any difficulties, since it all comes down to unscrewing and screwing the parts. Of course, after replacing the distributor itself, you will need to set the ignition timing, but, firstly, this is not too difficult, and secondly, you can initially set the slider to a convenient position and remember it, so that later you can install the switch in the same way. It’s also worth disconnecting the battery from the circuit to avoid burns or other injuries.
VAZ-2101 was the first model to roll off the AvtoVAZ assembly line. At the time of its appearance, it was a relatively modern car. But at the moment, when the production of this model was discontinued more than 30 years ago, 2101 is hopelessly outdated. Although the “first-born” VAZ is still driving along our roads.
The owners of this car are always trying to keep it “life” by altering and reworking some elements and systems. One of the systems that definitely requires replacement on the VAZ-2101 is the ignition system.
The “native” ignition on the VAZ-2101 was contact. In this ignition, the distributor supplied a spark to the desired spark plug at the moment the contact pair opened. The disadvantage of such ignition is the need to periodically check and adjust the gap between the contacts of the distributor. In addition, during operation it is not uncommon for contacts to burn out, due to which the quality of system operation is significantly reduced. Because of this, every VAZ-2101 owner had a diamond needle file in his tool kit for periodically cleaning the contact surface.
