Installing camshafts yourself
The camshaft is part of the timing system of any engine. The task of the camshaft is to synchronize the operating strokes of the internal combustion engine (orderly opening and closing of valves for the intake of the combustible mixture and the exhaust gases). The operation of the engine and the serviceability of many car parts depend on it.
The camshaft can be placed either above or below. Some engines have two camshafts.
Content:
The camshaft rotates by transmitting torque from the crankshaft through a chain or belt drive. In this case, the angular displacement of the camshaft is directly proportional to the angular displacement of the crankshaft. The correspondence of angular displacements affects the operation of the engine - if they do not correspond to each other, then the order of operation of the cylinders will be disrupted, and as a result, the internal combustion engine will not work.
Determining the need to replace the camshaft
The need to repair or replace the camshaft can only be determined after troubleshooting it, which is only possible with the camshaft removed and special tools available.
Before removing the camshaft from its bed, you need to check it for axial displacement. To do this, you need to lightly tap on the bed and if a knock appears, then most likely the camshaft is faulty.
In general, camshaft diagnostics can be carried out visually without a special tool. However, this method allows you to identify only visual defects (scratches, burrs, cracks, wear of the cams in the form of a “cut”), while
Using a micrometer, check the diameter of the camshaft housing bearing journals and bearings. If the dimensions deviate from the permissible ones, they can be repaired, but very often it is easier to buy new spare parts, since restoring the repair dimensions is more expensive.
Instructions: Removing and installing the camshaft
Before dismantling, the camshaft is checked for axial displacement. You don’t have to hit the bed too hard and listen. If the part knocks, the malfunction is confirmed. The part is removed in the following sequence:
loose camshaft chain
unscrewing the camshaft bed bolts
The bed can be removed together with the camshaft, as on the Vases, or separately. If it is pulled out at the same time, then the thrust flange is pulled out next. It is held on by a nut numbered “10”. After removing the flange, the shaft is removed from the bed - you need to slightly raise the cam, thereby freeing it from the spring pressure.
The old camshaft must be troubleshooted. As mentioned above, if the level of damage is significant, there is no point in repairing. When removing the camshaft, other timing parts are checked simultaneously - rocker arms, springs, oil seals.
Installation of a new or repaired camshaft is carried out strictly according to the instructions. One of the main rules is to tighten the bolts in a certain order and with the required force. For example, for Zhiguli, the tightening torque is 18.3 N/m.
Also, any self-respecting auto mechanic will replace the shaft at the same time as installing new rockers. They are also called rocker arms. This is done because the production of parts leads to premature wear of the camshaft itself.
How to replace the camshaft oil seal?
Replacing the camshaft oil seal is included in the mandatory list of works. The oil seal or cuff is a sealing ring made of elastic material that prevents oil from leaking out of the camshaft. The main reason for wear of this gasket is simple obsolescence. There are 2 oil seals installed on the camshaft - front and rear.
The malfunction of an element manifests itself in any way - a change in shape, swelling, rupture, or the appearance of cracks. Often the oil seal simply falls out of its seat. A seal malfunction is diagnosed visually - the appearance of oil traces on the timing cover, belt jumping, etc.
Replacing the front oil seal is much easier than replacing the rear oil seal. It is enough to remove the valve cover, also remove the timing belt, and secure the pulley from turning with a pry bar. The pulley from the camshaft shank and the key located behind it are also removed. Then the oil seal is picked out with a screwdriver or tweezers.
Replacing the camshaft oil seal
How to replace a camshaft chain?
If the vehicle's timing mechanism is equipped with a chain drive, the camshaft chain may need to be replaced. Despite the structural strength, this element breaks due to operational wear, poor metal quality, camshaft jamming and other related reasons. A break can also be caused by sudden braking of the car or an intensive increase in speed.
The procedure for replacing the chain will also not be particularly difficult. It is necessary to remove the metal valve cover, rotate the crankshaft until the marks match and fix the shafts. The old chain is removed without dismantling the crankshaft gear. Particular attention is paid to the tension of the leading branch. It should be carried out taking into account the coincidence of the marks on the camshaft gears and bearings.
Necessary tools for work
When removing and installing the camshaft, you will need the following tools:
The procedure for replacing and installing a camshaft using the example of a “classic” from the Volzhsky Automobile Plant
Replacing the camshaft with your own hands is not particularly difficult, but it requires care and attention. If installed incorrectly, the order of operation of the cylinders will be disrupted, which will immediately affect the performance of the engine.
Steps to replace the camshaft:
1. Removing engine attachments.
To remove the camshaft, first of all, it is worth removing the interfering attachments:
To prevent anything from getting into the carburetor and then into the combustion chamber (for example, a nut, washer, etc.), cover it with a rag or plug the carburetor holes with it.
2. Removing the valve cover of the power unit.
We unscrew the 8 nuts securing the valve cover to the cylinder head, remove and wash it.
When installing the valve cover, it is recommended to replace the valve cover gasket. This is due to the fact that after assembly, engine oil may be forced through it. When choosing a gasket, you should give preference to rubber-cork.
3. Removing the internal combustion engine camshaft.
Before removing the camshaft, you must first align the mark on the drive gear with the protrusion on the camshaft bed.
To remove the camshaft, you first need to free its gear from the timing chain. For this:
4. Defective internal combustion engine camshaft.
Before buying a new camshaft, it is necessary to check the defective one (see “Determining the need to replace the camshaft”), because it may not be the fault of the internal combustion engine.
5. Installation of the camshaft and engine assembly.
The camshaft is installed in the reverse order of removal. To avoid distortion when installing the camshaft bed, the bolts are tightened in the order specified by the manufacturer and with a certain force (for the “classic” VAZ this is 18.3 N/m).
After replacing the camshaft, it is necessary to adjust the timing chain tension and valve adjustment, otherwise you will have to repair them in the future.
After the work has been carried out, first inspect the engine and listen to its operation, and if something happens, immediately eliminate any defects found in the repairs.
Do-it-yourself camshaft bed repair AvtoNovator
Hello, dear motorists! Suddenly an unpleasant and incomprehensible situation arose. Having started tuning the engine by replacing the camshaft, or repairing the cylinder head to eliminate some malfunctions, it suddenly turns out that the camshaft is being pinched.
Causes of camshaft bed wear
There seem to be no visible defects: the journals are normal, the engine block is in order, the liners have been replaced. There is no reason to panic. We will troubleshoot the camshaft bed.
Repairing or restoring the camshaft bed on your own is possible only insofar as it concerns identifying faults and removing the bed. Repairs and restoration of the bed will have to be done on a machine. This is the peculiarity of this detail. But, let's take it in order.
The reasons for the failure of the camshaft bed directly affect the occurrence of malfunctions of the camshaft journals.
- relatively long engine life;
- "Oil starvation" Simply put, the engine runs for a certain period of time with insufficient engine oil level;
- lack of a certain oil pressure in the engine;
- the engine is running with an old or clogged oil filter;
- oil dilution, which occurs due to fuel getting into it;
- overheating of the engine, and it may not necessarily be obvious (when the steam over the hood reaches the sky).
In order to decide what is needed: replacement, repair, restoration of the camshaft bed, it is necessary to carry out a basic check of the condition of the bed.
Diameters are checked using an indicator bore gauge, which is set to a specific size.
You compare the results obtained with the parameters specified in the manufacturer's manual. By the way, it is very advisable to perform this operation even when you decide to replace the standard camshaft with a tuning camshaft.
After receiving the results and comparing them with the required ones, you need to make a decision. There are only two options: replacing the bed and repairing (restoring) the camshaft bed. There is no third. We will not describe to you the consequences of how a faulty camshaft bed ultimately leads to the need for a major engine overhaul or replacement of the cylinder head.
Camshaft bed repair
Restoring the camshaft bed on your own, as already mentioned, comes down to the fact that you identify the malfunction and remove the bed. Then you take it to the workshop, where there is a special machine on which you can bore or hone the camshaft bed. Machines for restoring the camshaft bed belong to the category of bed boring machines.
It is advisable to bring the cylinder head for consultation and preparation. This is due to the fact that before repairing the bed, the cylinder head will require special treatment - spraying aluminum-zinc powder.
Restoring the camshaft bed is carried out in one of two ways: boring or honing. You are unlikely to be interested in knowing the technology itself. A specialist working on this machine brings the surface of the bed to the required parameters.
At the same time, they will tell you whether it is possible to repair the camshaft bed, or whether it will be easier and more effective to replace the bed with a new one.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=7NYwV6NXP3w
In parallel with the repair of the camshaft bed
Do you remember what causes the camshaft bed to fail? Therefore, bed boring is just a step in a complex of repair and diagnostic work. Along the way, you will have to find out and eliminate the cause of the camshaft bed malfunction.
And for this you need:
- diagnose the lubrication system, incl. and oil pump;
- clean and flush the oil passages of the block and cylinder head;
- checking the engine cooling system;
- checking the fuel system.
Naturally, if malfunctions are detected, repairs are carried out in order to eliminate future causes of failure of the camshaft bed.
Good luck with your camshaft bed repair.
How to install camshafts on a 4s engine
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please help me install the shafts, I can’t figure it out from the book. doesn't stand up as it says in the book
Added after 2 minutes 21 seconds: how to check if the assembly is correct?
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