UAZ hunter front axle device diagram

Rear axle structure of UAZ 469

The rear axle of the car is structurally different from the front axle. It does not have a wheel turning mechanism. The rear axle is driven by a cardan shaft from the transfer case. The rear axle consists of the following elements:

Carter

The crankcase consists of two halves. They are connected to each other using bolts. At the bottom of the crankcase there is a hole for draining lubricant. From the side of the wheel mechanisms, axle housings are pressed into the crankcase. In the front part there is a hole for installing the drive shaft.

REFERENCE: The UAZ-469 model is equipped with two types of bridges - military and collective farm. Depending on the type of bridge, the crankcase design differs.

Gearbox

The rear axle of the UAZ 469 has a gearbox consisting of a main gear and a cross-axle differential. The main drive gear is small in size. It transmits torque to the driven gear. The gear teeth are angled. This design allows to reduce the noise level during operation of the unit.

On one side, a drive gear is installed on the drive shaft. On the other side there is a flange necessary for attaching the propeller shaft. To prevent slippage of the drive shaft, splines are provided in the flange. The flange is secured with a nut.

The drive shaft is mounted on bearings. The bearings and moving parts of the gearbox are lubricated with gear oil. To prevent lubricant leakage, oil seals and gaskets are installed.

Inside the driven gear there is a cross-axle differential mechanism. It is made in the form of 4 bevel gears mounted on axles. The cross-axle differential allows the wheels of the axle to rotate independently of each other.

Half shafts

The design of the rear axle of the UAZ-469 provides for the presence of axle shafts. They are necessary to transmit torque to wheel mechanisms. The splined part of the axle shaft is included in the cross-axle differential mechanism. On the other side, the axle shaft is connected with bolts to the hub.

Repair of UAZ (UAZ Patriot)

UAZ Master provides UAZ repair and maintenance services, UAZ tuning, such as UAZ Hunter, UAZ Patriot, UAZ Bukhanka, UAZ Simbir (UAZ-3162). Repair and service of UAZ vehicles:

• Transmission repair
• Engine repair
• Bridge repair
• Wheel alignment
• Generator repair
• Transfer case repair
• Repair and balancing of axles and cardan shafts
• Engine tuning
• Carburetor repair
• Repair of steering and power steering
• Brake system repair
• Clutch repair and clutch replacement
• Spring repair
• Chip tuning of the engine electronic control unit
• Diagnostics of injection and carburetor engines
• Diagnostics of systems, components and assemblies of automobiles
• Noise insulation
• Body play, power kit
• Carrying out all maintenance and routine work
• Preparing cars for competitions and overcoming difficult off-road conditions
• Installation of additional equipment (power steering, power windows, audio equipment, parking sensors, car alarms, safety cages, lockers, chandeliers, electric winches and other equipment)
• Car body work and painting, as well as raptor paint.

Find out more about the maintenance of UAZ vehicles.

Front axle UAZ 469

The design of the front axle is different from that of the rear axle. The crankcase is shifted to the right edge in the direction of travel of the car. This is due to the location of the transfer case. The front axle is driven by a driveshaft from the drive shaft. The axle is equipped with rotating mechanisms and steering rods that are used to control the vehicle.

The driver can turn on the front axle on the UAZ 469 without leaving the cabin. To do this, transfer case control levers are installed between the driver and passenger seats. One lever is responsible for turning the front axle on and off. The second is necessary to reduce torque transmission.

Half shafts

The axle shafts have different lengths. This is due to the location of the gearbox. To transmit torque to the wheel mechanisms, regardless of the angle of rotation, CV joints are provided.

IMPORTANT: The design of the front axle of the UAZ 469 provides for disconnecting the axle shafts from the wheel hubs. The connection is made with a specialized screw. This design allows you to increase the service life of the gearbox when driving on good quality surfaces and saves fuel.

Carter

The front axle housing is made of two parts connected by bolts. To avoid pressure build-up when the lubricant heats up, the crankcase is equipped with a breather valve. It allows the air mass to freely escape into the atmosphere. The breathing valve is protected from dust and contamination by a cap.

Steering

The wheel mechanisms are connected to each other by a transverse rod. The rod connection is hinged. To adjust the wheel toe angle, the rod is equipped with ends with threaded connections.

The forces from the steering column are transmitted to the bipod of one of the steering knuckles. The steering knuckles are equipped with king pins.

False signs of breakdowns

Front axle on a car

UAZ is one of the few cars that is almost 90% made of metal. Due to poor sound insulation and a large number of parts with gaps, it is very difficult to establish the true cause of the breakdown by ear. The sound “walks” along the frame of the car in any way. Quite often, people climb into the front axle when their transfer case or some other transmission element makes noise. Therefore, it is best to detect a breakdown based on sound not from inside the car, but from outside the car, with an assistant behind the wheel.

Another common false sign, which many people confuse with a broken grenade, is a knocking sound due to a poorly screwed wheel. Therefore, before leaving, it is necessary to check the fastening nuts as carefully as possible. Noise can occur due to a broken or loose suspension, or gaps in the rods. Oil stains on the asphalt in the area where the rear axle is located may be due to leaks in the upper components of the transmission flowing down the driveshaft to the differential.

In a word, there are a lot of nuances, so before disassembling the car and starting the long and labor-intensive procedure of dismantling the bridge, you need to make sure that the breakdown lies specifically in it, and not in some other component or assembly. Sometimes it’s better to go to a service than to try to make a diagnosis yourself.

Node maintenance

The axles of the UAZ 469 are distinguished by their reliability and durability. For normal operation of units, they must be regularly maintained. To do this you need:

1. Inspect the crankcase and wheel mechanisms for lubricant leaks;
2. Check the degree of tightening of the fastening bolts;
3. Replaces lubricant;
4. Clean the breathing valve from dirt and check its functionality;
5. Check the integrity of gaskets and seals;
6. Check the play of the front axle turning mechanism.

Malfunctions and repair work

Common malfunctions of the UAZ front axle and possible repairs:

1. Leakage of lubricating fluids. Check the tubes and connecting elements for mechanical damage - the cuffs and flange for functionality, the oil container for the optimal fluid level.
2. High wear of fasteners.
3. Bearing defects caused by the use of poor quality material by the car plant.
4. Broken axle teeth. Adjustment will not help; parts need to be replaced.
5. Mechanical defects of the beam.
6. Wear of elements. The situation is resolved by replacing it with new spare parts.
7. Poor grip of the bearings and main gears indicates the need for tension adjustment.

Bridge repairs begin after diagnosing and searching for the cause of problems in the functioning of the mechanism, which are diverse:

• transmission components of a rear-wheel drive vehicle are faulty due to regular movement over difficult terrain;
• use of consumables and lubricants of unsuitable quality;
• Failure to monitor tire pressure can lead to shaft and bearing failures.

Most often, car owners are faced with a violation of the axial space of the kingpins and are knocked out of the required position. To diagnose, you need to jack up the front of the vehicle and move the wheel in a vertical plane. The presence of axial play indicates the need to adjust the clearance of the pins.

How to adjust bridges

You can adjust the UAZ axles yourself. This will require a number of tools and good knowledge of the mechanism. Access to the necessary parts and assemblies is possible after dismantling the structure and separating the crankcase parts. The first sign of the need to adjust the gearbox is loud noise and malfunctions of the part. Such work is required after diagnosing the condition of bridges. Adjustment includes a number of activities.

Possible malfunctions and ways to eliminate them

You can repair the front or rear axle of a UAZ 469 yourself. This will require a standard set of tools and minimal technical knowledge. Possible malfunctions:

Presence of oil smudges

The appearance of oil streaks on the crankcase body or at the hub mounting points indicates a violation of the sealing of the unit. The cause of the violation may be failure of the breathing valve. When heated, the lubricant expands and pressure is created in the axle cavity. Under the influence of pressure, the integrity of gaskets and seals is compromised.

To eliminate the malfunction, it is necessary to restore the functionality of the breathing valve and replace the failed seals.

IMPORTANT: When installing gaskets, it is necessary to treat their surfaces with sealant. Lubricant should be added after the sealant has completely dried.

Increased noise

An increased noise level during operation indicates severe wear of the rotating parts or water entering the unit. When driving off-road or fording, water enters the axle cavity through the breathing valve. This leads to poor lubrication of rotating parts.

Diagnosis of breakdowns and their first signs

UAZ owners always inspect the front axle before each trip. First of all, they control the steering rack, the breakage of which can lead to an accident. In addition, drivers look for oil leaks on the ground. Leaking oil seals and gaskets are a common sight on these cars. If the car has just come from the dealership, take the time to take it to a service center or ask for an additional fee to make basic adjustments, tighten the breathers and mounting bolts. If there is little oil in the crankcase, it needs to be added. It is worth remembering that the oil should not be overfilled. Even if the seals and gaskets are perfectly new, overfilling will lead to them simply being “squeezed out” while driving. The capacity of the axle housing is 1 liter, which is exactly what needs to be filled. If the oil level is normal and everything is initially tight, the car’s axles will not require attention for many thousands of kilometers, even if you constantly drive off-road. Remember that a significant part of breakdowns occurs precisely due to oil starvation.

After front axle repair

The main sign that the front axle has broken down is noise while driving. For example, if you hear a knock when turning, it means that the Bearfield joint (“grenade”) most likely needs to be replaced. By the way, it cannot be repaired or restored - it only changes entirely. Noise when driving may also indicate a lack of lubrication in the crankcase. Sometimes bridges become noisy for a while after a long period of inactivity and in very cold weather. If the bridge hums constantly, even when the lubricant has just warmed up, it means that the gears are wearing out. A knocking sound when starting to move may indicate wear on the satellites or the holes for their axles. Knocking or extraneous noise when accelerating and decelerating occurs due to gaps between the gears. Usually, adjustments are not enough; repairs and replacement of some additional parts are necessary. But a loud cracking sound in the area of ​​the front or rear wheel will indicate that the bearing has crumbled or the oil scraper ring has come off. In this case, you definitely need to start repair work as soon as possible, otherwise you can break all the other parts.

Extraneous noise may indicate the “death” of the axle shafts. They, like oil seals, are a kind of consumable item. Most often, the rear axle suffers in this case, since it is the one that constantly drives the car. If the axle shafts are deformed, they should not be used under any circumstances, as this leads to the most severe damage.

Design of the Spicer front axle of UAZ-Patriot, UAZ-Hunter cars

The main gear and differential of the front and rear Spicer axles of the UAZ-Patriot and UAZ-Hunter vehicles are similar in design. All instructions for maintenance and repair of the rear axle also apply to the front axle.

The front drive axle of Spicer UAZ vehicles is steerable.

To make driving easier, the front steered wheels have camber (not adjustable) in the vertical plane and toe in the horizontal plane.

To return the wheels to the middle position, the steering knuckle pins are tilted in the longitudinal and transverse planes. Positive camber is the deviation of the upper part of the wheel from the vertical plane outward.

The camber angle at the Spicer drive axles of UAZ-Patriot and UAZ-Hunter vehicles is α=1° – 30´. Wheel camber affects tire wear. With a camber of up to 2°, wear will not be very large.

During vehicle operation, due to wear of the pins, bearings and fatigue wear of the bridge beam, positive camber gradually decreases to zero, and then the deflection of the wheels moves towards negative camber, which worsens the steering of the wheels.

Fig.1. Spicer front axle of UAZ-Hunter, UAZ-Patriot cars

As a result of the tilt of the wheels during camber, forces arise that tend to return them in different directions when moving.

Lateral wheel slippage occurs, which contributes to tire wear and makes driving difficult. To eliminate the harmful effects of camber, wheels are installed with toe-in.

At the same time, the distance between the wheel rims at the level of the front axle in the front is several millimeters less than in the rear.

The longitudinal inclination of the kingpin of the front drive axle Spicer of UAZ vehicles is designed to stabilize the steered wheels in the middle position, but its effect is noticeable only at high speeds with significant centrifugal forces.

Measurements of wheel stabilization when the car exits a turn are the stabilizing moment and the angular speed of rotation of the wheel when returning to the neutral position.

Steering knuckle of the front Spicer axle of UAZ-Patriot, UAZ-Hunter cars

In Fig. Figure 2 shows the steering knuckle of the front axle, equipped with Bierfield-type constant velocity joints and spherical pivot units.

Fig.2. Steering knuckle equipped with Bierfield CV joint and Spicer front axle hub of UAZ-Hunter, UAZ-Patriot cars

1 – leading flange with plug; 2, 10, 25 — gaskets; 3 — hub with brake disc; 4 — hub bearings; 5 — wheel mounting bolt; 6 — brake disc guard; 7 – heat-insulating shield of the ABS sensor; 8 - axle; 9 — steering knuckle body; 11 — clamping bushing; 12 — king pin; 13 — king pin insert; 14-bracket for fastening the ABS harness; 15 - spring; 16 - outer sealing ring; 17 — internal sealing ring; 18 - hinge; 19 — ball joint; 20, 28 - thrust washers; 21 – king pin support; 22 - outer race of the oil seal; 23 — overlay; 24 - nut; 26 – impulse disk; 27- cuff; 29 — retaining rings; 30 - lock washer; 31 - nuts; 32 — lock washer

Adjusting the pivot pins of the front axle Spicer of UAZ cars

When servicing the front drive axle Spicer, check and, if necessary, eliminate the play in the kingpin bearings, wheel toe-in and maximum wheel rotation angles, check and tighten the steering knuckle arm fastening.

When inspecting the steering knuckles, pay attention to the serviceability of the wheel rotation limiters, bolts and the reliability of their locking.

Adding lubricant to spherical pins and ball joints with Bierfield type joints (see Fig. 2) during operation is not required.

During repairs, the lubricant is replaced. Use only recommended lubricants. (To lubricate Birfield-type constant velocity joints, use CV joints-4, CV joints-4M or imported analogues).

Adjustment of the tightening of the ball pins of the Spicer bridge (see Fig. 2) of the steering knuckle at the factory is carried out with a preload along the common axis of the pins.

Features of bridge construction

The front and rear axle designs on the Hunter are almost identical. This is very convenient because there is no need to store a large number of spare parts in your garage. If the rear axle breaks down, you can borrow the main gears and seals from the front axle, having first disconnected it. Moreover, a significant part of the parts for Hunter fit from other UAZ models. For example, bearings can be used from a “loaf”. Therefore, if your car breaks down somewhere in the outback, don’t be discouraged, because in the nearest collective farm or military unit you can probably find the necessary gear or oil seal.

Hunter Bridge Construction

The axle design is single-stage, the main gear and differential front and rear are exactly the same. The entire mechanism is housed inside a durable hollow beam that is sealed. Torque is transmitted to the wheels in a classic way - through a shaft with a drive gear, which transmits movement to the axle gears through 4 free satellite gears. Due to the use of free satellites, the car's wheels rotate at different speeds when cornering. A similar design is used in many modern rear-wheel drive vehicles. The front axle is a little more complicated: since the front wheels turn in it, they use Beerfield-type constant velocity joints (in common parlance “grenade”). A similar design is used in some types of domestic military equipment and in Russian off-road trucks.

The kinematic parts of the bridge mechanism rotate in transmission lubricant, which is pumped inside through a special breather. The design is made in such a way as to avoid injection and any complex maintenance during operation in difficult conditions. The lubricant is kept in the beam by oil seals and gaskets; oil scraper rings are also present in the design. The shape of the differential housing in the civilian version is convex, so many owners of the UAZ Hunter prefer to install military axles. Military modifications have a slightly different gear ratio, but a flatter shape and, as the owners note, higher reliability.

Spring wide bridges, also called “leopards,” are suitable for Hunter. At the same time, a conventional civil bridge weighs less and is better suited for traffic on paved roads. Therefore, replacing it is not always advisable.